This is the problem booklet and answer key for the "Essence of Mathematics" test seminar within the Todai Tokushin course at Toshin for the 2024 academic year. There are approximately two pages of writing. In the Todai Tokushin course, Mr. Junji Aoki, a renowned instructor at Toshin, conducts test seminars specifically for Todai (University of Tokyo) entrance exam preparation. The seminars are based on the content of Toshin's "Essence of Mathematics" and provide explanations. Through exercises consisting of unique, Todai-style problems and advanced standard problems, students can assess their mathematical abilities.